How can communities of organisms thrive on both active and extinct volcanoes

They utilize the sulfur and other chemical elements released from the vents of the volcanoes, for energy production. Organisms that thrive in these regions are chemosynthesizers such as archaebacteria. They turn the inorganic compounds into organic compounds and begin the cycle of a food web in the environment.

this age may represent the age of the earth's accretion, of core formation, or of the material from which the earth formed. this dating is based on evidence from radiometric age-dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.