During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight is used to split water molecules. what happens to the hydrogen ions that are split from the water molecules?
a. they flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to adp.
b. they build up in the thylakoid, providing energy to break apart atp molecules.
c. they build up in the thylakoid, where they bond to each other to create atp.
d. they flow out of the thylakoid, where they stimulate enzymes to break apart atp.

The correct answer is A. They flow out of  the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to ADP.

Photolysis (photo means light and lysis means break) is the term used for the splitting of water during photosynthesis. Photolysis of water serves dual purpose for the plants:

1. electron released by photolysis is used in electron transport chain which is used to reduce NAD+ to NADPH.

2. protons () released are used to generate chemiosmotic potential which is used to synthesize ATP by ATP synthase. H^{+} ions accumulated in the thylakoid lumen travel down the concentration gradient through ATP synthase. This provides energy to the ATP synthase to add phosphate group to the ADP.

3. is released as a byproduct.

answer: decrease

a limiting factor is the one which decrease the abundance, distribution and causes extinction of the population of species in a ecosystem. here, predators including hawks, owls and snakes are the limiting factor for the population of mexican free tailed bat.   although bats are nocturnal animals as they forge for food at night these predators also may remain active during night which can decrease the population of the mexican free-tailed bats. also, these bats eat only one type of insects that are moths. the food can also be a limiting factor as all 400 members are dependent upon same type of food needs that are moths. the decrease in the moth population can cause decrease in population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.

therefore, the scenarios will most likely to decrease the population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.