16. how do aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ?
• more energy is released from a glucose molecule during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.
• anaerobic respiration but not aerobic respiration occurs in human cells.
• anaerobic respiration requires oxygen while aerobic respiration does not.
• anaerobic respiration evolved first; aerobic respiration evolved after photosynthetic organisms began producing oxygen.
17. which of the following happens when a cell divides? (1 point)
• the cell’s volume increases.
• it becomes more difficult for the cell to get rid of wastes.
• each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s dna.
• it becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.
18. if a cell has four chromosomes, and goes through mitosis to produce identical daughter cells, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?
• two chromosomes
• four chromosomes
• eight chromosomes
• sixteen chromosomes
unit 4: genetics
19. if purple flower color is dominant (p) and red flower color recessive (p), how many phenotypes are possible in offspring of homozygous purple crossed with homozygous red? pp x pp
• one
• two
• three
• four
20. in a breed of dogs, the bbee genotype = yellow fur color, the bbee genotype = black fur color, and bbee = brown fur color. which of the following terms describes this type of inheritance?
• codominance
• incomplete dominance
• multiple alleles
• polygenic
21. if t=tall, and t= short, how many different genotypes would tt x tt produce?
• two
• four
• eight
• sixteen
22. based on chargaff’s rule, the percentage of cytosine in the dna of the bacterium s. lutea in figure 12–3, should be around
• 26.6%
• 73.2%
• 36.6%
• 29.4%
23. dna makes a good molecule for storing information because
• its bases can be joined together in any order, like the letters of the alphabet can be strung to form different words
• each nucleotide within a dna strand can give a cell different information, and there are many nucleotides in every cell
• it can absorb ultraviolet light, so dna can protect cells from the damaging effects of this form of radiation
• it is a type of nucleic acid, and most acids are an important part of information storage within cells
24. x-ray diffraction data collected by rosalind franklin and maurice wilkins watson and crick solve the structure of dna. which aspect of the structure of dna did the data them solve?
• the double stranded nature of the helix and its dimensions
• the ratio of bases
• the presence of deoxyribose sugars
• the presence of hydrogen bonds between bases
25. which nucleotide (nitrogen base) in figure 13–1 tells you the nucleic acid is rna?
• guanine
• uracil
• cytosine
• adenine
26. there are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. which of the following is true?
• several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
• each codon specifies a different amino acid.
• some amino acids have no link to a codon.
• each amino acid is specified by only one codon.
27. what amino acid is specified by the codon of gcg, and will there
be a change if the codon is changed to gcc?
(figure 13-3 – use either the table or the circle to find the amino acid of each codon)
• the amino acid ala is not changed.
• the amino acid ala is changed to arg.
• the amino acid arg is changed to ala.
• the amino acid arg is not changed.
28. which is the correct sequence in the process of transcription
and translation?
• protein to dna to rna
• rna to dna to protein
• dna to rna to protein
• rna to protein to dna
29. for the pedigree in figure 14–6, shaded symbols represent affected people. males are squares; women are circles.
if the trait is a sex-linked trait carried on the x chromosome, what is true about the mother represented by circle 1?
• she has two alleles for the disorder.
• she has one allele for the disorder.
• she has no alleles for the disorder.
• she has the genotype xxy.
30. which protein creates dna fragments with sticky ends?
• dna polymerase
• dna ligase
• restriction enzyme
• lysozyme