Which of the following best describes a cladogram?
a. the goal of a cladogram is to show relationships and evolutionary descent between species.
b. the goal of a cladogram is to show overall similarities and differences of species.
c. a node represents the first point that two groups shared a common ancestor.
d. the more closely related lineages are the farther the distance between them on a cladogram.

a. The goal of a cladogram is to show relationships and evolutionary descent between species.

As many researchers hypothesize that the old single-celled organism or the origin of the complex-celled organisms came from the endosymbiosis of the mitochrondrion organism and the prokaryotic cell. It has been said that mitochondria was an independent organism which then to have been evovled itself after planting itself inside a prokaryotic cell which aided cellular respiration and production of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). This then aided the prokaryotic cell to be more sophisticated and caused another change from having without a true nucleus to a eukaryotic cell with a nucleus and embedded DNA.  

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes and cell membranes