He proposed the first serious model of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring, through inheritance of acquired characteristics, though that idea turned out to be incorrect.

The answer is Lamarck. i hope this helps.

The proton has a positive charge while the neutron has no charge they both make up the nucleus of the atom while the elections have a negative charge and surround the nucleus of the atom. the protons and electrons are used to calculate the atom's mass whereas the neutrons don't affect the mass