Anurse is caring for a client receiving oxygen therapy. what is the expected reference range when obtaining oxygen saturation level? identify four (4) reasons the reference range may be lower.

The expected reference range when obtaining oxygen saturation level is 95%-100%.

The four reasons as to why the reference range may be lower is due to the following;

-          Pulmonary edema

-          Person with history of COPD

-          Asthma and Emphysema

-          Pneumonia

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products

answer: ice crystals in air

the water from the water body or another source of water gets evaporated as water vapor as an effect of heat on water. these water vapor rises in the upper layers of the earth atmosphere under high atmospheric pressure. the atmospheric pressure of these water molecules starts to decrease due to the effect of cold air. the invisible water vapor condenses into visible water droplets and ice crystals.these ice crystals and water droplets being less denser than the surrounding air floats on air as clouds.