The stroma is the central location of light-independent reactions

Stroma is a big main carrier of a chloroplast that is fluid full and contains enzymes that is used in photosynthesis it uses the products of the light dependent reactions to reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate. In stroma light – independent synthesis portion of photosynthesis takes place and does not directly require solar energy; 

the darker peppered moth species were favored due to the fact that the industrial revolution had made all the nearby trees a darker color instead of white.

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