What did chloroplasts evolve from according to the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

What are simmilarities and differences between anaerobic respiration in animal and yeast cells? would prefer to get simmilarities as i already got some differences. you!

What is used to keep track of the gamates and possible offsprings combination

The small molecule cyclic amp (camp) takes about 0.2 second to diffuse 10 μm, on average, in a cell. suppose that camp is produced near the plasma membrane on one end of the cell; how long will it take for this camp to diffuse through the cytosol and reach the opposite end of a very large cell, on average? assume that the cell is 200 μm in diameter.