In autumn, chlorophyll is degraded in the leaves of deciduous trees. why do the leaves change color to shades of yellow, orange, or red?

Due to the coloring pigment Anthocyanins.

Explanation:

It is the Anthocyanins which is the factor behind the yellow , orange and red color of leaves.

During autumn season, the leaves of a plant stop making food. As a result of this the chlorophyll with in the leaves of such plants start degrading. Since the chlorophyll gives green color to the leaves, thus once this green pigment is degraded leaves no more remain green. They first convert to yellow color , then orange and finally red due to the coloring pigment "Anthocyanins"

In some cases even the stems start changing color due to high level of Anthocyanins

image result for describe the various types of gene mutationsghr.nlm.nih.gov

the types of mutations include: missense mutation: this type of mutation is a change in one dna base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene. nonsense mutation: a nonsense mutation is also a change in one dna base pair.

explanation:

it's     c       this is a cell (b) with a nucleus (c) containing dna (a). the dna is organized into chromosomes (d). a section of the chromosome that codes for a trait is called a gene (e).