Which affects the shape of a molecule?

Why does meiosis produce cells with half the chromosomes? o a. most of the chromosomes are not necessary to keep an organism alive. b. a gamete needs only half the number of chromosomes because two gametes join together. o c. it makes the gametes easier to move around in the organism. o d. it is faster to produce gametes with fewer chromosomes.

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

Students in biology are studying the macromolecules of life. they used a calorimeter to determine the calories in various types of food. once the lab was completed, the students ate the left over food samples. monica commented that in just 6 or 7 "chews" of the saltine, it was gone; nothing but a sticky paste in her mouth. elaborate on what happened chemically while chewing the saltine. include the macromolecules present.