The process in which organisms use chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of inorganic molecules to make their own food in the absence of light is called

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d. organisms have cells with different shapes and functions.

the earth is thought to have been formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions from a cloud of hydrogen, helium, rock, ice and other materials. these were pulled together by gravity to form objects in and around earth like- asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals.

so, the best possible answer to this question will be option d- to harden materials to form different parts of earth’s layers