Hypotheses may be generated from any of the following except a) research. b) prior knowledge. c) logical inferences. d) researcher opinion.  d) researcher opinion

The correct answer will be option-D.

Explanation:

A hypothesis is a well-substantiated opinion or an idea which proposes an explanation for any naturally occurring phenomenon.

The hypothesis is generated after performing steps as proposed in the protocol that is a hypothesis is generated after the observations, asking a question and proper review of literature of previous work on the specified question but is not generated on the opinion of a researcher.

Thus, option-D is the correct answer.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.