How did scientists use evidence disprove the idea that living things grow from nonliving things

Through scientific experiments, Pasteur realized that it would be impossible for living beings to originate from raw matter, without an interaction with the environment.

Explanation:

The theory of spontaneous generation was demystified by Pasteur who managed to use scientific arguments through experiments that refuted the concepts given by that theory.

The theory of spontaneous generation asserted that living beings were able to emerge through raw material. To demystify this theory, Pasteur used four glass bottles with curved and stretched necks (he did this by heating the necks of the bottles). Each bottle was filled with nutritious broths that were boiled until all steam passed through the bottlenecks. Then he left the bottles with the broths to cool.

After a while, Pasteur realized that all the bottles had contact with the air, but none of them were able to generate living beings. Then he broke the bottlenecks of some of the bottles and waited a few days. The result of this was that the bottles with the broken bottlenecks had broths full of microorganisms, that is, these bottles allowed the emergence of living beings. This proved that the air contains microorganisms and they were only able to develop in contact with the nutrient broth. In the flasks that did not have their bottlenecks broken, the microorganisms were unable to access the broth, because the water droplets trapped in the distorted neck served as a filter, preventing the passage of living beings. These bubbles appeared during the cooling of the broth. When Pasteur broke the neck of some bottles, the "filter" ceased to exist, leaving the broth vulnerable to microorganisms.

With that, Pasteur proved that it is impossible for living beings to develop from raw material. Because, when the broth was boiled, it did not lose its ability to develop living beings.

energy and particles

the answers are as following:

1. c. double helix, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, chromosome

2. b. g2 phase, preparation for mitosis

3. d. interphase consists of the g1, s, and g2 phases

4. c. metaphase

5. a. chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set