Explain how both passive transport and active transport are necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

Active transport is used to move protons (H+) against a concentration gradient during photosynthetic electron transport. Moreover, during ATP synthesis, passive transport is used to move H+ through the F0 subunit of the ATP synthase.

Photosynthesis has two stages of chemical reactions: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

The light-dependent reaction uses the energy from the sun to create ATP, which involves a photosynthetic electron transport chain.

The photosynthetic electron transport chain uses the energy from the sun (photons) to drive the movement of electrons across a series of electron carriers.

The photosynthetic electron transport chain is coupled to the movement by active transport of protons (H+) across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, i.e., the movement of H+ against a concentration gradient, thereby producing an electrochemical gradient.

Subsequently, this H+ gradient is then used to synthesize ATP by an ATP synthase, which has a proton (F0) channel that moves protons in favor of a concentration gradient.

In conclusion, active transport is used to move protons (H+) against a concentration gradient during photosynthetic electron transport. Moreover, during ATP synthesis, passive transport is used to move H+ through the F0 subunit of the ATP synthase.

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Passive transport must occur to maintain homeostasis. Active transport must occur to get the needed nutrients in and out of the cell.

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