During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, a constant supply of electrons is provided by

Why do mutations in genes affect traits? o a. genes determine what type of mutagens an organism has. o b. genes produce proteins that cause traits. o c. genes affect how many chromosomes an organism has o d. genes code for carbohydrates that influence traits.

An easy way to calculate the amount of energy available at each level is to what?

Apair of fruit flies reproduces and has 1,000 offspring. all 1,000 of the offspring have the alleles gg. what is the most likely combination of alleles for each parent