Which is required for both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions to proceed? a. energyb. co2 c. waterd. atp and nadph

The correct answer is option Option A

The energy is required in both the processes like light dependent reaction and light independent reaction.

The energy in the light dependent reaction is in the form of light which is used for the photolysis of water.

The energy is used for the production of ATP and NADPH.

This form of energy( ATP and NADPH) is used in the light independent reaction.

Hence, energy is used in both the processes.

as in mitosis, dna replication occurs during interphase.   in meiosis, it occurs specifically in s phase of interphase 1.

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.