The owner of a building needs to remove several shingles. instead of lifting the shingles up by hand, he decides to use a long crowbar as a lever to lift them. by using this simple machine, the man is the amount of force needed to do the job, and he is the distance over which the force is applied.

Membrane vesicles containing an internal sodium chloride (nacl) concentration of 0.14 m are placed into separate beakers each containing a different solution. the first beaker contains 0.14 m sucrose, while the second beaker contains 0.14 m calcium chloride (cacl2). the temperature is 25°c. what is the solute potential inside the vesicles, expressed in units of mpa?