Which statement best describes how a catalyst can speed up a chemical reaction? a) the catalyst makes lower energy pathways available. b) the catalyst increases the concentration of products. c) the catalyst binds to enzymes to release substrates. d) the catalyst increases the concentration of reactants.

A) The catalyst makes lower energy pathways available.

Explanation:

A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being used in the reaction. Activation energy is the thresh hold energy which is required to initiate a chemical reaction. In the absence of catalyst, the activation energy is high therefore reactions are slower. But, presence of catalyst lowers the activation energy required to initiate the reaction as a result of which the reaction gets an alternate energy pathway to proceed which is responsible for speeding up the reaction.

lizards have adapted to life in the desert. some desert lizards have toes with spiny scales to them run across the sand without sinking. some use the sand to hide from predators, or to search for small animals that they prey upon.