A beam of particles is moving along an accelerator pipe in the z direction. The particles are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical volume of length L o (in the z direction) and radius Ro. The particles have momenta uniformly distributed with pz in an interval po Opt and the transverse momentum pi inside a circle of radius Ap 1. To increase the particles' spatial density, the beam is focused by electric and magnetic fields, so that the radius shrinks to a smaller value R. What does Liouville's theorem tell you about the spread in the transverse momentum p 1and the subsequent behavior of the radius R

Scientists discover two populations of mice on either side of a major river. the two populations have almost identical genes but the mice from one side cannot breed with mice from the other. this is most likely because

What is the membrane that sheath of schwann cell containing cytoplasm and nucleus that encloses myelin

Choose the incorrect statement (a) the motor end plate membrane is only capable of generating graded potentials, but it is contiguous with the skeletal muscle sarcolemma, which can generate action potentials. (b) propagation of an action potential through the t-tubules into the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggers the release of ca++ into the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber. (c) the generation of suprathreshold endplate potentials in multiple muscle fibers could be due to the increased frequency of action potential generation at the axon hillock of a single motor neuron. (d) a greater amount of ach would be found in the presynaptic vesicles of a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to botulinum toxin, than in a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to the venom of the krait snake (which contains α-bungarotoxin).