Action potentials are and postsynaptic potentials are chemical; electrical all-or-none; graded all-or-none; all-or-none graded; all-or-none

when a reversible reaction is occurring in both directions at the same rate; the products and reactants do not change in concentration. a chemical reaction where the compound is broken into its constituent parts.

9.9 years

a = p(1 + rt) . . account balance after time t at rate r starting with principal p

3000 = 2500(1 + 0.0202t) . . filling in the given numbers

1.2 = 1 + 0.0202t . . divide by 2500

0.2 = 0.0202t . . . subtract 1

0.2/0.0202 = t ≈ 9.901

it will take about 9.9 years for the account balance to reach $3000.

during the process of dna replication, brdu can replace thymidine and incorporate into the newly synthesized dna, cell proliferation thus can be reflected in the extent of brdu incorporation.