Gnetophyta is considered as a linkage between gymnosperms and angiosperms based on a few characteristics found in Gnetophyta. State the characteristics.

Explanation:

Phylum Gnetophyta ✌

Distinguishing characteristics of the phylum Gnetophyta include the presence of both tracheids and vessels in their xylem tissue, a unique fertilization feature in which a tube grows from the eggs to unite with pollen tubes, and being the only division of gymnosperms that undergo double fertilization. Gnetophyta plants include trees, shrubs, or stumpy, turnip-like growth forms with simple leaves.

The phylum Gnetophyta consists of three genera of woody plants called Gnetum, Welwitschia and Ephedra. Although the three genera are all gnetophytes, they are highly specialized to their respective environments, which makes it difficult to identify similar characteristics.

Gnetum species are mostly woody climbers in tropical forests, although the best-known member of the group is a tree. Welwitschia includes one species, Welwitschia mirabilis. It only grows in the deserts of Namibia and Angola, and has two large strap-like leaves that grow continuously from the base throughout the plant's life. Ephedra plants are known as joint-firs because they have long slender branches with tiny scale-like leaves at each node. Ephedra is traditionally used as a stimulant. The plant and its derivatives are classified as controlled substances in many jurisdictions because of the high risk of addiction, harmful side effects and fatal overdoses.

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."