On his trip aboard the HMS Beagle, Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands. One of the groups of animals that he studied there was giant tortoises. He noticed that there was variation in the shapes of their shells. The two extremes of this variation can be seen below. One Galapagos tortoise has a dome-shaped shell and the other has a saddle back shell

What best explains why there was variation in the types of shells Darwin saw?
A.
Each tortoise selected its shell shape when it was born.
B.
The different shell shapes were completely random to each tortoise.
C.
Each tortoise had a different mutation in the gene that affects shell shape.
D.
The different shells were advantageous in different environments.

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'

bradykinin is a physiologically and pharmacologically active peptide of the kinin group of proteins, consisting of nine amino acids.

it should be d) transitional fossils.

they show the gradualism of evolution throughout a period of time

explanation:

the sun shines white and black light to our planet. the white light has all the colors in it. in our upper atmosphere, we have dust particles and oxygen molecules. the white light meaning all of the colors in a rainbow shines through the upper levels of the atmopshere and the blue light scatters across the entire planet. that is why our sky is blue.