Which system is responsible for preventing pathogens from disturbing homeostasis?

How does friction with the atmosphere affect the speed of an artificial satellite

Nephrons, the functional unit of kidneys, are responsible for formation of urine. the sentences describe situations that are the result of problems in the urine formation process. for the nephron shown below, match each situation to the step in the urine formation process where the problem lies.

This rapid change in species that rarely leaves behind fossil evidence is referred to as