All of the following are ways in which DNA technology plays a role in medicine except identifying mutations. Producing insulin and growth hormone. Tracking how a condition is passed between generations. Examining paternity.

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.

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these macromolecules could either be amino acids, proteins or nucleic acids. they are responsible for the chemical changes and reactions that affects largely the cell and its composition. take for instance the cytoplasm of the cell where these organelles are settled. these simple organelles are composed of macromolecules which ignites and catalyses different functions that enables cells, in macro-perspective in motion and metabolism. in intestines for example, metabolism happens and breaking down parts of a food to simpler compounds that are used and these nutrients delivered throughout the body and again broken down by into smaller components.