What stage of cell respiration is being shown above?

it's the cell cycle, but cytokines is when the cell divides.

theres 3 stages interphase,mitosis,and cytokines.

interphase prepares the cell for division.

mitosis is the process of dividing the cell,it has 4 parts interphase,anaphase,metaphase,and telophase.

lastly there's cytokines,that's when the cell divides into 2 daughter cells

some fungi obtain their nutrients from a living host (plant or animal) and are called most biotrophic fungi have fairly narrow host ranges—they are specialized on a limited called rhizomorphs that allow the fungus to grow from one tree to another. ascospores are formed inside a sac-like structure called an ascus. so your answer is a

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.