in their lifetimes, two guinea pigs produce 40 black pups and 40 white pups. On a seperate piece of paper, make a punnett square and find the likely genotypes of these parents.

The offspring inherits two alleles, one from each parent, that determine its appearance. The dominant allele determines the black fur color, while the recessive allele determines white fur color of guinea pig. We have several possibilities for the potential genotype of two guinea pigs: BB-BB, BB-bb, BB-Bb, Bb-Bb, Bb-bb, and bb-bb. When an offspring inherits at least one dominant allele, that will define the black color of its fur. The white color will appear only if the recessive allele is inherited from both of the parents. Therefore, we can conclude that in the genotype of the parental guinea pigs that give both black and white offspring, both of the parents must contain recessive allele, and at least one of them must have the dominant allele. However, since the ratio of black to white colored guinea pigs is 1:1, we can conclude that the most probable genotype in the parental generation is the following:

Explanation:

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transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.