PL HEL 1. What are the primary organs of the urinary system?
A. kidneys
B. lungs
C. blood vessels
D. hormone secreting glands

2. Which structure in the nephron carries out the process of filtration?
A. glomerulus
B. collecting duct
C. loop of Henle
D. proximal convoluted tubule

3. What is the name for the fluid that collects in Bowman's capsule?
A. blood plasma
B. filtrate
C. urine
D. None of these choices are correct.

4. Which part of the nephron carries out most of the reabsorption of nutrients into the blood?
A. Bowman's capsule
B. distal convoluted tubule
C. loop of Henle
D. proximal convoluted tubule

5. Which type of pathogen is not made up of cells?
A. animal pathogens
B. bacteria
C. fungi
D. protozoa
E. viruses

6. Which type of pathogen is made up of a single prokarytotic cell?
A. animal pathogens
B. bacteria
C. fungi
D. protozoa
E. viruses

7. Which of these pathogens is made up of eukaryotic cells?
A. animal pathogens
B. fungi
C. protozoa
D. All of these choices are correct.

8. What is the only type of pathogen that can be treated with antibiotics?
A. animal pathogens
B. bacteria
C. fungi
D. protozoa
E. viruses

9. Which of the following is a part of the non-specific immunity?
A. B lymphocytes
B. plasma cells
C. skin
D. T lymphocytes

10. Which of these cells is responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?
A. B lymphocyte
B. Helper T lymphocyte
C. Killer T lymphocyte
D. macrophage

11. Which of these cells is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
A. B lymphocyte
B. plasma cell
C. T lymphocyte
D. phagocyte

12. Which of the following is true of antibodies?
A. They are made by B lymphocytes.
B. They are made by Helper T lymphocytes.
C. They are made by Killer T lymphocytes.
D. They are made by macrophages.

13. Which cells produce chemicals that cause the other parts of the immune system to function?
A. B lymphocytes
B. Helper T lymphocytes
C. Killer T lymphocytes
D. plasma cells

14. Which of the following remain after recovering from an infection and provide immunity?
A. memory cells
B. phagocytes
C. macrophages
D. plasma cells

15. Which of the following immune system cells are the hosts for HIV?
A. B lymphocytes
B. Helper T lymphocytes
C. Killer T lymphocytes
D. plasma cells

16. Which of these is an example of natural active immunity?
A. immunity after receiving a vaccination
B. immunity after recovering from a pathogen infection
C. a baby's immunity resulting from antibodies from its mother
D. None of these choices is correct.

17. Which of the following best explains how vaccinations result in ACTIVE immunity?
A. The vaccination causes a primary immune response and memory cells are retained for life.
B. The vaccination contains antibodies.
C. The vaccination contains lymphocytes from horses.
D. None of these choices is correct.

18. Which of the following practices contributes to bacteria that have resistance to antibiotics?
A. Prescribing antibiotics for diseases that are not caused by bacteria.
B. Self prescribing of antibiotics by people whenever they are ill.
C. Patients stop taking prescribed antibiotics when they begin to feel better instead of finishing the prescription.
D. All of these choices are correct.

19. Which of the following can result in an endemic disease becoming an epidemic?
A. The health of the host population is reduced by overcrowding or stress.
B. There is a drastic increase in the population of the vector of the pathogen.
C. The pathogen mutates to a more dangerous form.
D. All of these choices are correct.

20. What is the name for a disease outbreak that spans several continents or the entire world?
A. an endemic
B. an epidemic
C. a pandemic
D. All of these choices are correct.