What are S-strain and R-strain bacteria?

When Frederick Griffith discovered two strains of Streptococci in 1923, the bacteriologists were intrigued by the differences between them: the S (smooth) strain, which produces colonies that are smooth and shiny on a lab plate; the R (rough) strain, which lacks a polysaccharide coat and produces colonies that are rough and irregular on a lab plate.

Explanation:

carbon atoms, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.