Humans share several features with salamanders. Certain genes and proteins are nearly identical between the two species; both species have four limbs with a similar skeletal structure; the species' early embryos are very similar; and where the salamander has a functional tail, humans have a vestigial tailbone. In evolutionary terms, these are examples of: a. Biogeographic similarity
b. Coincidental similarity
c. Independently acquired characteristics
d. Homology – characteristics similar due to inheritance from a common ancestor

Bisphenol a (often called bpa) is a chemical found in products that people use every day, from water bottles to food containers to children's toys. unfortunately, bpa leaches out of its many products and makes its way into our bodies. what are the health effects of bpa exposure? ongoing research is finding that elevated exposure to bpa can affect a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes, but one of the first studies of bpa's health effects came about because of a simple mistake in the lab. at a laboratory at case western reserve university in 1998, geneticist patricia hunt was making a routine check of her female lab mice. as she extracted and examined developing eggs from the ovaries, she began to wonder what had gone wrong. she noticed that many of the eggs showed problems with their chromosomes, and some had irregular amounts of genetic material, which can lead to miscarriages and birth defects in mammals. she learned that a lab assistant had mistakenly washed the plastic mouse cages and water bottles with a harsh soap, releasing bpa from the plastic. knowing that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, a chemical that can enter organisms and mimic hormones, hunt set out to discover whether it had adversely affected her mice.

Why zebra fish experience similar genetic disease as human

Which of the following would be the best hypothesis for this experiment? a) use of the ginko biloba extract improves clinical outcomes when administered to patients with t2d. b) ginko biloba improves clinical outcomes of diabetes patients when combined with metformin. c) diabetes in patients is worsened when ginko biloba is taken in conjunction with metformin. d)the use of ginko biloba to treat t2d in combination with metformin lowers the cost of t2d treatment. ginko biloba shows benefits against t2d when combined with plant extracts as compared to other treatments.