Create a concept map that links all the central ideas in the introduction of the paper, listed below. Write each concept on a node, and then rearrange the nodes so related concepts are near each other. I suggest using either a drawing program like Powerpoint, Microsoft paint, or Adobe Illustrator, or drawing the map on paper and sending me a picture or scan, or using a concept map program online like https://app. creately. com/ (Links to an external site.). Pictures to illustrate complex concepts are strongly encouraged. Draw arrows connecting the concepts as appropriate, and label the arrows to indicate the relationship between those concepts. Typically, nouns will be the nodes of the map. Verbs and connecting ideas should be written on the connecting arrows. For example, “RNA Polymerase” and “mRNA” should be nodes, “transcribes” should be written on an arrow that points from “RNAP” to “mRNA”. You can use variations of these words as appropriate. For example, use “transcribes” instead of “transcription” if that makes your concept map more streamlined. Use the most specific words you can for connections. For example, don’t say something vague like “gyrase” ---affects--> “negative supercoiling”. Instead, be specific and say “gyrase ---induces--> “negative supercoiling”.

Use the following words in this concept map:

ribosome

A site

P site

E site

initiation

elongation

translation

fMet-tRNA

codon

ORF (Open Reading Frame)

chloramphenicol

linezolid

antibiotics

peptidyltransferase center

aminoacyl-tRNA

peptidyl-tRNA

tRNA

amino acid

alanine

serine

threonine

glycine

mRNA

ribosome stalling

nascent peptide

translational attenuation

regulatory leader ORF

RBS

mRNA hairpin