In the context of cell signaling, to what does the term ligand refer?

Over the past 60 years, many amphibian species have experienced significant population declines and some species have become extinct. scientists suspected that local human activities such as the destruction of wetlands, regional pollution, and deforestation were the main reasons for these losses. however, research over the past 20 years reveals significant amphibian population declines in protected areas of the world, such as nature preserves and parks. these global declines suggest widespread problems including increased ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and disease. in switzerland, for example, 14 of the 20 native amphibian species are threatened with extinction. chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease first identified in 1998 as a cause of massive amphibian deaths. in some severely impacted populations, a few individuals have survived, perhaps because of some natural resistance. if these resistant individuals continue to survive and prosper, new resistant populations might emerge. this would be an example of the founder effect artificial selection genetic drift natural selection sexual selection

Isolated volcanic peaks on the ocean floor are

Which scientific design has both practical limitations and limitations due to scale? studying the effect of bleach on the growth of mold spores exposing cultures of duckweed to different intensities of light observing the replication of dna molecules with a hand lens using colored marbles to model a cross between two colors of rabbits