Which of the following would not reduce the carrying capacity of an ecosystem for a particular prey species?

a. drought

b. fewer primary producers

c. habitat destruction

d. fewer predators

d. fewer predators

Carrying capacity is the property of an ecosystem, which indicates the maximum number of individuals of a given species that an ecosystem can sustain on the basis of availability of resources like food, shelter in that particular ecosystem. Carrying capacity of an ecosystem for prey population can be affected by natural calamities like drought and habitat destruction as these conditions will decrease the number of individuals from prey populations as these prey individuals can migrate to other regions in search of food and shelter. Hence, this will directly reduce the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. primary producers can be a food source for prey species, if the number of primary producers decreases in an ecosystem then, prey species will also decrease.Hence,the limited number of primary producers will reduce  the carrying capacity of an ecosystem for prey species. Predator population prevents the surplus growth of prey population, hence maintains the balance in nature. Predator species  can limit the population of prey species. Here, fewer predators will not reduce the carrying capacity of an ecosystem for a particular prey species as their population is low.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.