A. According to modern ideas, the first step in the origin of life was
volcanic activity
b. the formation of simple organic molecules
the
presence of
oxygen in Earth's environment
d. the evolution of autotrophic prokaryotes
C. the presence of oxygen in earths environment
D. the evolution of autotrophic prokaryotes

essentially, one bacterial cell splits into two daugurer cells. bacterial offspring don't need or get care from their parents because they are in a sense their own parents. that said, some bacteria can and do depend on other bacteria especially in harsh environments such as bacterial microfilms in hot water tanks.

answer; autosomal;

answer(isometric);

answer;

a. sheep consumption efficiency would be reduced.

explanation;

-trophic efficiency is a measure of how much energy occurs at one level divided by the energy at the level immediately below it . trophic efficiency incorporates three types of efficiency:

-the proportion of available energy that is consumed (consumption efficiency).   it is the proportion of the available biomass that is ingested by consumers.

-the proportion of ingested food that is assimilated (assimilation efficiency).

-the proportion of assimilated food that goes into new consumer biomass (production efficiency).

-in this case, the grasshoppers would affect sheep by reducing the proportion of the available biomass that is ingested by the sheep.