Q1 Why is it a good idea to measures results in terms of satisfying the original
management objectives.

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.

i think the answer is b.

answer; both surfaces of the membrane are nonpermeable

yes, because even though a theory has a  lot of evidence to support it, it is not always true