The introduction of some nonnative species has been helpful. How can initially useful organisms become harmful to an ecosystem?

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Explanation:

The introduction of nonnative species in an ecosystem maybe both helpful and harmful. Initially, the introduced nonnative species maybe prove helpful in some ways.

As time goes on, the nonnative species begin to compete with the native species for resources in the ecosystem. The nonnative species may outdo the native species in such competition and entirely replace them. This may ultimately lead to a permanent loss of the native species from the ecosystem.

regulation of gene expression. gene expression can be regulated by various cellular processes with the aim to control the amount and nature of the expressed genes. these regulatory proteins bind to dna and send signals that indirectly control the rate of gene expression

explanation:

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.