Why are women often carriers of X linked traits but rarely affected by them?

X-linked inheritance means that the gene causing the trait or the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Women have two X chromosomes; men have one X and one Y. Genes on the X chromosome can be recessive or dominant. Their expression in females and males is not the same.

Women have 2 X chromosomes, unlike men who have XY. In women, a recessive allele on one X chromosome is often masked in their phenotype by a dominant normal allele on the other.

Explanation:

In informal words, if you have an X-linked trait that is recessive and are male, you will be affected cuz there is no other X to "override" that recessive trait because Y is (as we know) non-coding. Whereas if you are female, both of your Xs would have to carry a recessive trait for you to be affected, thus it is rarer for women to be affected by X-linked traits.

not sure if this what   you'r looking for would be percent composition

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.