Part D - The effect of gramicidin on oxidative phosphorylation When the protein gramicidin is integrated into a membrane, an H channel forms and the membrane becomes very permeable to protons (H ions). If gramicidin is added to an actively respiring muscle cell, how would it affect the rates of electron transport, proton pumping, and ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation

The correct answer would be -

Remains the same: proton pumping rate, electron transport rate, rate of oxygen uptake.

Decreases or goes to zero: rate of ATP synthesis, size of protein gradient

Explanation:

An H+ channel forms and the membrane becomes very permeable to protons if the protein gramicidin is integrated into a membrane. If gramicidin is added to an actively respiring muscle cell, it will affect the in the following manner:

Remains the same:

proton pumping rate, electron transport rate, rate of oxygen uptake.

Decreases:

rate of ATP synthesis, size of protein gradient

None of these will show an increase due to the addition of gramicidin tlo actively respiring muscle cells.

the major parts of the digestive system:

salivary glands.

pharynx.

esophagus.

stomach.

small intestine.

large intestine.

rectum.

accessory digestive organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

the second type of galaxy is called a barred spiral, which has a thing called a bar straddling the nucleus