11. Why
are
organisms with more similar amino acid sequences more closely related?

Answer and Explanation:

Because the DNA sequence determines a protein's amino acid sequence, a gene shared by two closely related organisms should have similar, or even identical, amino acid sequences. That's because closely related species most likely diverged from one another fairly recently in the evolutionary span. Thus, they haven't had as much time to accumulate random mutations in their genetic codes.

answer; ///(b) it is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups;

that scientist would be robert hooke