The study of evolutionary relationships that includes a branching pattern showing lineages diverging is called... *

Phylogenetic tree

Explanation:

A phylogenetic tree is a tree that is responsible for showing the different relationships with respect to evolution between species that are considered to have a common offspring. The species of interest are shown at the tips of the branches of the tree in question. The branches are connecting with each other, representing the evolutionary history of the species, being the way in which we think that they evolved starting from a common ancestor through various divergence events (when two branches separate).