How do adaptive traits affect individuals vs non-adaptive traits?

Sickle cell amelia is a condition condition where the red blood cells are deformed which is affected by sickle cell amenia

Penicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive by penicillinase (also known as β-lactamase), an enzyme present in some resistant bacteria. the mass of this enzyme in staphylococcus aureus is 29.6 kd. the amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 1 minute in a 10-ml solution containing 10-9 g of purified penicillinase was measured as a function of the concentration of penicillin. assume that the concentration of penicillin does not change appreciably during the assay. penicillin(μm) amount hydrolyzed(nmol) 1 0.11 3 0.25 5 0.34 10 0.45 30 0.58 50 0.61 (a) plot v0 versus [s] and 1/v0 versus 1/[s] for these data. does penicillinase appear to obey michaelis-menten kinetics? if so, what is the value of km? (b) what is the value of vmax? (c) what is the turnover number of penicillinase under these experimental conditions? assume one active site per enzyme molecule.

Explain what is meant by a river’s load, and describe how the load is carried.