Positive and Negative Control. Assume you have a culture of E. coli cells growing on medium B, which contains both lactose and glucose. At time t, 33% of the cells are transferred to medium L, which contains lactose but not glucose: 33% are transferred to medium G, which contains glucose but not lactose; and the remaining cells arc left in medium B. For each of the following statements, indicate with an L if it is true of the cells transferred to medium L, with a G if it is true of the cells transferred to medium G, with a B if it is true of the cells left in medium B, and with an N if it is true of none of the cells.

a. The rate of glucose consumption per cell is approximately the same after time t as before.
b. The rate of lactose consumption is higher after time t than before.
c. The intracellular cAMP level is lower after time t than before.
d. Most of the lac operator sites have lac repressor proteins bound to them.
e. Most of the catabolite activator proteins exist as CAP-cAMP complexes.
f. Most of the lac repressor proteins exist as repressor-glucose complexes.
g. The rate of transcription of the lac operon is greater after time t than before.
h. The lac operon has both GAP and the repressor protein bound to it.

the answer is lactic acid from anaerobic respiration. the acid in lactic acid is what creates sore and burning muscles. if you think about how acid burns that will give you a clue for questions like this.

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle