Using the model represented in the diagram, predict what would happen if the cell produced a chemical signal that bonded to the repressor protein? (1 point) The active repressor protein would not be translated from its mRNA.

The lacZ sequence would not be expressed.

The operator would not be blocked by the repressor.

The RNA polymerase would not bind to the promoter.
13.
In an epinephrine-triggered signal transduction pathway, how would cellular response most likely be affected if epinephrine could not bind with the receptor protein? (1 point)

G proteins would remain inactive and prevent signal amplification from occurring.

Nonspecific signaling would occur, and epinephrine would bind to different receptors.

Signal amplification would occur in the extracellular fluid rather than inside the cell.

The cell could not receive termination signals and carry out inactivation.
14.
Examine the image of molecules involved in the signaling pathway:

Image depicts a series of molecules involved in a signaling pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum. A signaling molecule binds to a receptor and activates phospholipase C, which leads to formation of IP3. IP3 binds to an IP3 gated channel. Dots representing Ca2+ are shown both inside and outside the membrane, with a directional arrow indicating Ca2+ enters the cytosol. Ca2+ then activates proteins in other pathways.
© 2012 FLVS

The signaling pathway shows how different molecules act as second messengers to bring about a cellular response. Based on this model, which of the following causes a decrease in cellular response? (1 point)

an increase in phospholipase C activity

an influx of Ca2+ into the cytosol

closing of IP3-gated calcium channels

formation of IP3 and DAG from PIP2
15.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Which of the following best explains how insulin injections affect signal transduction in an individual with type 1 diabetes? (1 point)

They allow alternate signaling transduction pathways to control glucose levels.

They open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells.

They provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway.

They serve as second messengers to regulate glucose uptake by cells.