The instructions specified by the DNA will ultimately specify the sequence of proteins. This process involves DNA, made up of different nucleotides. DNA is used as a template in the synthesis of a new molecule of RNA in the process of . This process is catalyzed by RNA . RNA is then used in the process of , resulting in the synthesis of new proteins, which are made up of different amino acids. In eukaryotic cells, RNA synthesis occurs in the , while protein synthesis begins in the .