1- There are inherent difficulties in collecting demographic data including life and reproductive data for human cohort groups. Discuss how collecting similar data for
another species is as difficult or even more difficult than collecting data about
humans. Cite your sources.

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).

it is a limiting nutrient limited by a single nutrient in the ecosystem, & the single goes very slow.

explanation:

the sun shines white and black light to our planet. the white light has all the colors in it. in our upper atmosphere, we have dust particles and oxygen molecules. the white light meaning all of the colors in a rainbow shines through the upper levels of the atmopshere and the blue light scatters across the entire planet. that is why our sky is blue.