There is a population of beetles that typically have black wings. A scientist studying these beetles knows that their eggs hatch in early spring, the young insects grow through the late spring and summer, they lay eggs in the early fall, and they die in the early winter. Recently some beetles have been born with white wings. Early in life, the black- and white-winged beetles seem to be very similar in number of mating events, eggs laid, and survival rates, but shortly after laying their eggs the white beetles die and there are only black-winged beetles during the late fall. Which of the following is a true statement about the beetles? A. White- and black-winged beetles have equal fitness.
B. Black-winged beetles have a higher fitness than white-winged beetles.
C. The number of baby white-winged beetles will decrease in frequency over time.
D. White wings are an adaptation.
E. Adaptive directional selection is occurring.
The Hardy-Weinberg model makes assumptions that never happen in real populations, yet the model is useful because:
A. it explains the existence of variation in populations.
B. it proves that Mendel was correct for populations.
C. it describes most populations.
D. it explains the existence of so many species.
E. it identifies those factors that can change allele or genotype frequencies
In a sexually reproducing population of spiders there are four alleles for coloration of the markings on the body: R (frequency 0.4), Y (frequency 0.3), B (frequency 0.2), and P (frequency 0.1). What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes in this population?
A. 0.70
B. 0.48
C. 0.35
D. 0.30
E. 0.24
What is the expected frequency of genotypes carrying the P allele in the above population?
A. 0.20
B. 0.19
C. 0.15
D. 0.11
E. 0.10