What is the function of peptide hormones?

In a cladogram' when does a group of organisms branch off

The carbon cycle is best defined as a process in which a. carbon changes from inorganic forms to organic forms and back b. carbon is changed into other elements such as oxygen or nitrogen c. carbon is continually created from the sun’s energy by plants d. carbon is consumed and regenerated from other elements such as oxygen and nitrogen

They live on every continent except antarctica