Where does first pass metabolism occur? / what route of administration is used to avoid complete first pass metabolism?

4the indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to resemble a leaf. the bright colors of the monarch butterfly indicate that the butterfly tastes bad and can be poisonous. how does the appearance of these butterflies them to survive? f the indian leaf butterfly is able to avoid predators while the monarch butterfly warns predators away. g. the indian leaf butterfly frightens predators away while the monarch butterfly poisons predators before they can eat it. h both butterflies rely on camouflage to avoid predation. j both butterflies cooperate with one another to avoid predation.

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation? a) a population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population.b) the separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs.c) the isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population.d) different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations.e) gene flow between the two populations is extensive.

Which type of neuron stimulates muscles to contract?