Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor limiting population growth? a. a forest fire that was caused by lightning b. the presence of predators c. an outbreak of wasting disease in elk d. competition for food

Answer;

A forest fire that was caused by lightning

Explanation;

-Density-independent factors are factors such as weather and climate, that exert their influences on population size regardless of the population's density. In contrast, the effects of density-dependent factors intensify as the population increases in size.

-Density-independent limiting factor have the same effect regardless of population size, for example - If there is a wild fire, the fire destroys all the animals in the forest regardless of how many animals there are. The fire does not care how big the population is.

those characteristics are cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, response to stimuli, growth and development, and adaptation through evolution. some things, such as a virus, demonstrate only a few of these characteristics and are, therefore, not alive