How does a coral reef environment follow the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy? it is said that only about 10% of stored energy is transferred between trophic levels of the ecosystem.

The law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy dictates that the total mass and energy in a given system remain constant. If we consider a coral reef to be the system, we see that all of the nutrients that the coral absorb for growth and maintenance are used within the coral's body, and are never actually "lost". 
Moreover, the energy that is absorbed by the coral is passed to the next trophic level of organisms when they eat the coral, and the amount is 10%, as stated. However, this is not the only direction the energy travels. The energy also is used in growth and other processes within the coral's body, and is therefore conserved.

The answer is joseph is observing the colour of the reaction mixture to see whether proteins are present in the given solution.

answer: carbon 14 can only be used to determine the age of the organisms that were once living, and igneous rocks are non living.

explanation:

carbon 14 dating is used to determine the age of the sample by estimating the amount of carbon 14 present in the sample and then comparing it with a reference standard.carbon 14 is a isotope of carbon which is radioactive and unstable. carbon 14 is assimilated by all plants and animals throughout their life from carbon dioxide. however, one the organisms die they stop this assimilation and the carbon 14 content starts to decrease.by knowing how much of carbon 14 is left in an organism after his death, one can estimate the age of the organism. the materials whose age can be estimated by carbon 14 method are the organic compounds. however, some inorganic compounds such as aragonite   shell can also be dated.however, if we consider the igneous rocks it is a non living component which never accumulated carbon 14 in it and thus, we cannot use carbon 14 dating method to estimate its age.