What is produced as a result of mitosis?
a. two cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell
b. two cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
c. four cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
d. four cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

B. Two cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

Explanation:

Mitosis is the type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the progenitor cell. It occurs in somatic cells, whether diploid or haploid. It is the cell division that consists of 2 daughter cells being obtained from a cell, with the same number of chromosomes and genetically identical to the stem cell. The division of the cytoplasm is called cytokinesis, and the division of the nucleus, karyokinesis. Some cells do not perform mitosis and remain in interphase, but others frequently perform it (embryonic cells, cells of growth zones, tissue cells subject to wear).

It occurs in somatic cells. It consists of a single cell division (with four phases) and cell changes occur with movements in the chromosomes. At the end of mitosis cytokinesis occurs and two new cells are formed with the same chromosomal endowment as the original cell and the same genetic information.

Each mitosis is preceded by an interface, where duplication of the genetic material occurs, whose molecular basis is found in the replication of the DNA molecules. It acts as a mechanism that ensures that each daughter cell receives the same genetic information.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

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